Communication

$s(p,x)=d$$p \neq q$
$(s,p[x] \to q.y ; c) \xrightarrow{(\text{com p x q y},[])} (s[(q,y) \to d], c)$

Concurrency

$(s,c) \xrightarrow{(\alpha,l)} (s',c')$ $p \notin \text{pn}(\alpha)$ $q \notin \text{pn}(\alpha)$
$(s,p[x] \to q.y ; c)) \xrightarrow{(\alpha,l)} (s',p[x] \to q.y ; c')$

Asynchrony

$(s,c) \xrightarrow{(\alpha,l)} (s',c')$
$p \in \text{pn}(\alpha)$
$q \notin \text{pn}(\alpha)$
$\text{written}(\alpha) \neq (p,x)$
$(s,p[x] \to q.y ; c) \xrightarrow{(\alpha,\text{com p x q y}::l)} (s',p[x] \to q.y ; c')$